Veterinary Biochemistry Quiz 29 Quiz InstructionsThis quiz consists of 20 multiple-choice questions.You will be awarded 5 marks for each correct answer. Question 1: Which genetic condition is characterized by a decrease in collagen synthesis leading to abnormal fragility of the skeletal system?Epidermolysis bullosaOsteogenesis imperfectaMarfan syndromeWilliams syndrome Question 2: Which transmembrane transport mechanism is estimated to utilize approximately 50% of the basal energy required to maintain life under basal conditions?Calcium ATPase pumpProton-potassium ATPase pumpSodium-potassium pumpGlucose transporter-4 facilitated diffusion Question 3: What is the mechanism of action of the toxic compound E-oxalyl aminoalanine (BOAA) found in Kesari dal (Lathyrus sativa) that leads to lathyrism?It binds to tropocollagen and prevents triple-helix formation.It inhibits the enzyme lysyl oxidase, preventing lysine cross-linking.It degrades the type VII collagen in the epidermal junction.It prevents the post-translational hydroxylation of proline residues. Question 4: Match the connective tissue proteins/components in Column I with their associated pathological conditions or features in Column II:Column I:1. Elastin2. Fibrillin3. Fibronectin4. LamininColumn II:P. Williams syndromeQ. Marfan syndromeR. Metastasis of tumor cells when deficientS. Elevated concentrations in Alzheimer's disease1-P, 2-Q, 3-R, 4-S1-Q, 2-P, 3-S, 4-R1-P, 2-S, 3-R, 4-Q1-R, 2-P, 3-Q, 4-S Question 5: Evaluate the following statements regarding the biochemistry of keratin and the process of hair waving:I. The toughness and strength of keratin are directly related to the number of disulfide bonds.II. Exposure to moist heat stretches the alpha-helices of alpha-keratin to form beta-conformations.III. The reduction step of hair waving uses a reducing agent to convert cystine disulfide bonds to cysteine sulfhydryl groups.IV. Permanent curling is possible because the newly growing hair retains the modified disulfide bond arrangement.Which of these statements are correct?I, II, and III onlyII and IV onlyI and III onlyI, II, III, and IV Question 6: Assertion (A): Unlike collagen, elastin does not exhibit a triple-helical structure or repeating sequence of (Gly-X-Y)n.Reason (R): Elastin does not undergo any post-translational modifications, including the formation of hydroxyproline.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true, but R is false.A is false, but R is true. Question 7: Arrange the following biochemical events of the muscle contraction-relaxation cycle in their correct sequential order:I. Power stroke drives movement of actin over myosin, followed by the release of ADP and Pi.II. S-1 head of myosin hydrolyzes ATP to ADP and Pi to form a high-energy ADP-Pi-myosin complex.III. Actin is released from the myosin-ATP complex because of its low affinity.IV. Stimulation forms the actin-myosin-ADP-Pi complex.V. A fresh molecule of ATP binds to form the actin-myosin-ATP complex.II -> IV -> I -> V -> IIIII -> I -> IV -> V -> IIIIV -> II -> I -> III -> VI -> IV -> II -> V -> III Question 8: Which protein is identified as the largest known protein, and which gene is known to be the largest gene, respectively?Myosin, NebulinTitin, DystrophinDystrophin, TitinTropomyosin, Calcineurin Question 9: What is the principal conformational change observed when normal non-infectious proteins are converted into infectious prion proteins (PrP)?Replacement of beta-sheets by alpha-helicesComplete loss of primary amino acid sequenceReplacement of alpha-helices by beta-sheetsPost-translational addition of a unique lipid tail Question 10: Match the prion diseases in Column I with their primary affected hosts or groups in Column II:Column I:1. Scrapie2. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy3. Kuru4. Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseaseColumn II:P. SheepQ. Cattle (Mad Cow disease)R. Tribal people practicing cannibalismS. Humans (general)1-P, 2-Q, 3-R, 4-S1-Q, 2-P, 3-S, 4-R1-R, 2-S, 3-P, 4-Q1-P, 2-R, 3-Q, 4-S Question 11: Consider the following statements about milk biochemistry:I. The white color of milk is due to the dispersion of calcium caseinate micelles.II. Lactose is present in the highest concentration in human milk (7.5%) compared to other species.III. Milk is an excellent source of iron, copper, and vitamin C.IV. Casein precipitates at its isoelectric point of pH 4.7.Which of the statements are true?I, II, and IIII, II, and IVII, III, and IVI and IV only Question 12: Assertion (A): In tuberculosis meningitis, the glucose concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is relatively low.Reason (R): The total cell count and protein concentration in the CSF are decreased during tuberculosis meningitis infections.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true, but R is false.A is false, but R is true. Question 13: In assessing fetal development, a lecithin–sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio of less than 1.2 : 1 in the amniotic fluid is clinically used to indicate which of the following?Advanced fetal skeletal maturityNeural tube defectsFetal lung immaturityHemolytic disease of the newborn Question 14: What is the biochemical criterion regarding the ratio of protein content between pleural fluid and plasma that defines an exudate?A ratio of less than 0.5A ratio of exactly 1.0A ratio of more than 0.5A ratio of less than 0.2 Question 15: Glaucoma is a pathological condition of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure. It is biochemically caused by a blockade in the flow of which of the following?Vitreous humorAqueous humorCerebrospinal fluidPleural transudate Question 16: According to the source text, what is the exact relationship used by nutritionists to convert kilocalories (Cal) into kilojoules (KJ)?1 Cal = 4.184 KJ1 Cal = 4.128 KJ1 Cal = 3.600 KJ1 Cal = 4.200 KJ Question 17: Match the muscle proteins or their fragments in Column I with their correct biochemical descriptions or functions in Column II:Column I:1. Troponin C (TpC)2. Light Meromyosin (LMM)3. Heavy Meromyosin S-1 (HMM S-1)4. G-actinColumn II:P. Binds to light chains and possesses ATPase activityQ. Calcium-binding polypeptide comparable to calmodulinR. Represents the alpha-helical fibers of the tail of myosinS. Polymerizes in the presence of magnesium ions to form F-actin1-Q, 2-R, 3-P, 4-S1-P, 2-Q, 3-R, 4-S1-Q, 2-P, 3-R, 4-S1-R, 2-Q, 3-S, 4-P Question 18: Evaluate the following statements regarding the biochemistry of Specific Dynamic Action (SDA):I. SDA is the extra heat produced by the body over and above the calculated caloric value when food is metabolized.II. Fats possess the highest SDA among the three major foodstuffs.III. Hepatectomy completely abolishes the SDA of proteins, indicating the crucial role of the liver in this process.IV. The presence of carbohydrates and fats in a mixed diet reduces the SDA of proteins.Which of these statements are correct?I, III, and IV onlyI, II, and III onlyII and IV onlyI, II, III, and IV Question 19: Assertion (A): Protein is not considered a good dietary source of energy compared to fat.Reason (R): Proteins have a much higher Specific Dynamic Action (SDA) of 30%, which means a significant portion of their energy is expended during metabolism.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true, but R is false.A is false, but R is true. Question 20: During the determination of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) using the Benedict-Roth apparatus, what standard calorific value is assigned to every one liter of oxygen consumed by the subject?4.128 Cal4.825 Cal5.400 Cal9.400 Cal
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