Medicine Quiz 31 Quiz InstructionsThis quiz consists of 20 multiple-choice questions.You will be awarded 5 marks for each correct answer. Question 1: Which of the following describes the therapeutic role of insulin when administered alongside corticosteroids for the management of bovine ketosis?It promotes mobilization of fat and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis.It suppresses fat mobilization, promotes tissue glucose uptake, and stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis.It suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis and decreases tissue glucose uptake.It promotes fat mobilization and increases ketone body excretion. Question 2: Why is standard-dose corticosteroid therapy not recommended as a main therapeutic approach in ovine pregnancy toxemia?It causes immediate fetal mummification.Standard doses of steroids have little therapeutic effect.It triggers severe metabolic alkalosis.It drastically reduces the renal threshold for glucose. Question 3: To differentiate myoglobinuria from hemoglobinuria in horses using the ammonium sulfate test, 2.8 g of ammonium sulfate is added to 5 ml of urine. Which of the following outcomes indicates a positive test for myoglobinuria?The supernatant fluid becomes completely clear, and a red precipitate forms at the bottom.The supernatant fluid retains its original dark red/coffee color.The urine undergoes rapid effervescence and turns green.A white precipitate forms with no change in the supernatant color. Question 4: Match the therapeutic agents used in bovine ketosis (Column I) with their primary mechanism of action (Column II):Column I:1. Niacin2. Vitamin B123. Chloral hydrateColumn II:P. Converts propionate to glucoseQ. Acts as an antilipolytic agentR. Helps break down starch in the rumen and stimulates propionate production1-Q, 2-P, 3-R1-P, 2-Q, 3-R1-R, 2-P, 3-Q1-Q, 2-R, 3-P Question 5: Match the clinical status of downer animals in Column I with their typical clinical findings in Column II:Column I:1. Alert Downers2. Non-alert DownersColumn II:P. Dull, depressed, inappetent or anorexic, abnormal physiological parameters, lateral recumbencyQ. Alert, bright, normal to slightly reduced appetite, normal body temperature and heart rate, sternal recumbency1-P, 2-Q1-Q, 2-PBoth describe Alert DownersBoth describe Non-alert Downers Question 6: Match the metabolic/nutritional disease (Column I) with its common synonym or designation (Column II):Column I:1. Paralytic myoglobinuria2. Osteomalacia3. Osteodystrophia fibrosa4. Pregnancy ToxaemiaColumn II:P. Monday morning sicknessQ. Peg legR. Big head diseaseS. Ovine ketosis1-P, 2-Q, 3-R, 4-S1-Q, 2-P, 3-S, 4-R1-R, 2-S, 3-P, 4-Q1-P, 2-R, 3-Q, 4-S Question 7: Match the characteristics of canine/feline Diabetes Mellitus (Column I) with their correct classification (Column II):Column I:1. Type I Diabetes Mellitus2. Type II Diabetes MellitusColumn II:P. Insulin-dependent (IDDM), markedly deficient endogenous insulin, ketoacidosis is common, insulin always necessaryQ. Non-insulin dependent (IIDM), measurable endogenous insulin present, ketoacidosis not common, common in cats1-P, 2-Q1-Q, 2-PBoth describe Type I DiabetesBoth describe Type II Diabetes Question 8: Consider the following nutritional and management recommendations for the control of bovine ketosis:I. Provide extra concentrate ration (16% protein) @ 1.5 kg/day during advanced pregnancy.II. Post-calving, feed 16% protein concentrate at 1 kg for every 2.5 to 3 kg of milk produced.III. Feed ground maize as it contains α-polymerised glucose which bypasses rumen fermentation and is absorbed in the intestine.IV. Provide whole cotton seed or soybean as concentrated sources of energy and glucogenic material.Which of these statements are correct?I, II, and III onlyII, III, and IV onlyI and III onlyI, II, III, and IV Question 9: Evaluate the following statements regarding canine hypothyroidism:I. The most common dermatologic sign is bilateral symmetrical alopecia starting at the tip of the tail (rat tail) and ears.II. Hematology typically shows a normocytic normochromic anemia.III. Serum cholesterol is significantly elevated, often exceeding 400 mg/dl.IV. Cardiovascular signs include tachycardia and a strong, bounding pulse.Which of the statements are true?I, II, and III onlyII, III, and IV onlyI, III, and IV onlyI, II, III, and IV Question 10: The following effects are associated with the pathogenesis of copper deficiency in ruminants:I. Straightness and steeliness of wool due to imperfect oxidation of free thiol groups.II. Depigmentation of wool, hair, and skin coat due to reduced tyrosinase activity.III. Anemia resulting from reduced hemoglobin synthesis and impaired iron absorption.IV. Enhanced osteoblastic activity leading to excessive bone calcification.Which of these statements are correct?I, II, and III onlyII, III, and IV onlyI, III, and IV onlyI and II only Question 11: Assertion (A): The most critical etiology of ovine pregnancy toxemia is a decline in the plane of nutrition during the last 2 months of pregnancy.Reason (R): Ewes carrying twins, triplets, or single large-sized lambs have a significantly elevated glucose requirement during advanced pregnancy.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true. Question 12: Assertion (A): Muscle injury, particularly of the abductor and gastrocnemius muscles of the hind limbs, is a major factor in Downer's Cow Syndrome.Reason (R): Prolonged recumbency and obesity are factors that actively help prevent the aggravation of hind limb muscle injuries in downer cows.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.A is true but R is false.A is false but R is true. Question 13: Which of the following outlines the correct sequence of events in the pathogenesis of paralytic myoglobinuria (Monday morning sickness) in horses?Excess glycogen deposited in muscles during rest -> rapid conversion to lactic acid during exercise -> muscle coagulation, degeneration, and swelling -> myoglobinemia and recumbency -> myoglobin excretion in urine and tubular blockage.Sudden starvation -> rapid protein breakdown in muscles during exercise -> release of creatine into blood -> direct glomerular filtration failure -> secondary myoglobinuria.Rest period -> excessive fat accumulation in muscles -> lipid peroxidation during light exercise -> ketone body accumulation -> muscle necrosis and excretion of hemoglobin.Exercise -> immediate muscle lactic acid depletion -> sudden glycogenosis -> cellular dehydration -> secondary myoglobinemia and recumbency. Question 14: Which of the following conditions is classified under secondary diabetes mellitus caused by impaired insulin action due to opposing hormonal factors?Hyperadrenalism caused by prolonged corticosteroid therapyPrimary lymphocytic thyroiditisIdiopathic adrenocortical neoplasmType II diabetes mellitus in obese cats Question 15: In which species and clinical group is osteomalacia most commonly observed under field conditions?Young growing calves kept indoorsHigh-yielding adult buffaloes in late lactation fed exclusively on dry foragesAdult male sheep grazing on lush green winter pastureWeaned piglets fed on a diet rich in grains and animal fat Question 16: What is the primary etiology of osteodystrophia fibrosa (Big Head disease) in horses?Primary dietary calcium deficiency due to calcareous soilSecondary calcium deficiency caused by excess feeding of phosphorus-rich brans and grainsPrimary phosphorus deficiency due to prolonged droughtVitamin D deficiency caused by lack of exposure to sunlight Question 17: Which of the following clinical features is a classic pathognomonic sign of rickets in young growing animals, referring to the symmetrical enlargement of the costo-chondral junctions?Tragic facial expressionRachitic rosaryPeg legMonday morning sickness Question 18: Why are neonatal lambs and kids more susceptible to primary copper deficiency than adult ruminants?Milk is a poor source of copper, and they have low copper reserves in their liver at birth.Their rumen microflora converts all available copper into insoluble copper sulfide.They absorb molybdenum at a rate four times higher than adult animals.Their placental transfer of copper is completely absent. Question 19: Which of the following clinical signs is considered an acute manifestation of phosphorus deficiency in dairy animals?Post-parturient hemoglobinuriaDepraved appetite (Pica)OsteomalaciaRickets Question 20: For the medical management of canine hypothyroidism, what is the recommended dose and frequency of thyroxine sodium, and when should the dosage be adjusted?10-20 mcg/kg once daily; adjust after 4 weeks20-40 mcg/kg twice daily; adjust after 8 weeks5-10 mcg/kg twice daily; adjust after 2 weeks40-60 mcg/kg once daily; adjust after 12 weeks
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