Gynaecology Quiz 33 Quiz InstructionsThis quiz consists of 20 multiple-choice questions.You will be awarded 5 marks for each correct answer. Question 1: What is the optimal temperature range of the water filled inside the lumen of the artificial vagina (AV) for bull semen collection, and below what temperature is ejaculation highly unlikely to occur?45 to 48°C; 43°C40 to 44°C; 38°C48 to 52°C; 45°C37 to 40°C; 35°C Question 2: During semen collection from a bull using an artificial vagina, where should the semen collector stand, and which hand should be used to deflect the bull's prepuce?To the right of the bull's shoulder; left handTo the left of the bull's shoulder; right handBehind the bull's right hindlimb; right handTo the right of the cow's flank; left hand Question 3: Why is it recommended to house rams on straw for 1 to 2 days prior to semen collection via electroejaculation?To produce drier faeces in the rectum, minimizing the widespread dissemination of the electrical current.To reduce the temperature of the scrotum and improve post-ejaculation sperm progressive motility.To allow the ram to rest and prevent premature pelvic limb muscle fatigue during rectal probe insertion.To increase the volume of the accessory gland secretions by encouraging lying down. Question 4: What is the primary physiological stimulus required to induce ejaculation in the boar during semen collection, and how is this manually simulated?Firm pressure on the penis; simulated by tightly encircling the protruded penis with a warm, lubricated gloved hand.High thermal stimulation; simulated by using an artificial vagina heated to 52°C.Rapid friction on the glans penis; simulated by back-and-forth strokes with a latex sheath.Pulsatile negative pressure; simulated by connecting an air-pump to a rigid cylinder. Question 5: A clinician is collecting semen from a dog via digital manipulation. What is the correct sequence and characteristic of the three ejaculatory fractions produced?First: watery pre-sperm fluid (0.5–5.0 ml); Second: thick creamy sperm-rich fraction (0.5–2.0 ml); Third: watery prostatic fluid (up to 30 ml).First: thick creamy sperm-rich fraction (0.5–2.0 ml); Second: watery pre-sperm fluid (0.5–5.0 ml); Third: gelatinous prostatic fluid (up to 15 ml).First: gelatinous pre-sperm fluid (1.0–3.0 ml); Second: watery prostatic fluid (up to 30 ml); Third: thick creamy sperm-rich fraction (0.5–2.0 ml).First: watery prostatic fluid (up to 30 ml); Second: watery pre-sperm fluid (0.5–5.0 ml); Third: thick creamy sperm-rich fraction (0.5–2.0 ml). Question 6: Assertion (A): High doses of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) used to stimulate low libido in young sires can paradoxically damage spermatogenesis.Reason (R): hCG induces marked testicular oedema and produces highly elevated testosterone levels that increase aggression rather than focused libido.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true, but R is false.A is false, but R is true. Question 7: Assertion (A): Some Breed Societies' rules of sale require that male infertility in rams must be diagnosed only on semen collected by an artificial vagina (AV) rather than electroejaculation.Reason (R): Ram semen obtained via electroejaculation is typically of lower volume and density, and may occasionally be completely immotile or aspermic.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.A is true, but R is false.A is false, but R is true. Question 8: Consider the following statements regarding spinal and back lesions causing impaired reproductive function in bulls:I. "Honeymoon back" is caused by a rupture of the lumbodorsal fascia, typically seen in bulls aged 15 to 21 months, which prevents them from raising their forelimbs to mount.II. Progressive deposition of bone around intervertebral joints (spondylosis) is most common in young bulls fed low-calcium diets.III. Complete bony bridges between adjacent vertebrae can fracture during ejaculation, causing spinal cord severance and immediate paraplegia.IV. Rupture of the lumbodorsal fascia can be diagnosed by palpating crepitus or swollen muscle masses protruding through the fascia.Which of the statements are correct?I, III, and IV onlyI and II onlyII, III, and IV onlyI, II, III, and IV Question 9: Evaluate the following statements regarding failure of erection in bulls:I. Abnormal venous drainage of the corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) is caused by a congenital failure of venous occlusion during fetal life.II. In bulls with abnormal venous drainage of the CCP, there is a complete absence of ischiocavernosus muscle activity and no tail-head pumping during mounting.III. Occlusion of the longitudinal canals can occur congenitally in young bulls or due to atheromatous/fibrinous deposits in older bulls.IV. In cases of longitudinal canal blockage, the root of the penis proximal to the obstruction remains flaccid while the distal portion becomes highly turgid.Which of the statements are correct?I and III onlyI and II onlyI, III, and IV onlyI, II, and III only Question 10: Match the species (Column I) with the unique semen collection characteristic or anatomical requirement (Column II):Column I:1. Stallion2. Boar3. Dog4. RamColumn II:A. The ejaculate is filtered through cotton gauze to remove the gel fraction.B. Lower surface of penis is palpated for peristaltic waves to confirm ejaculation.C. Ejaculate is highly susceptible to temperature shock, requiring a warmed extension cone.D. Latex from artificial vaginas can have a deleterious effect on sperm, making digital manipulation preferable.Select the correct matching option:1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C Question 11: Match the reproductive condition (Column I) with its corresponding clinical presentation or diagnostic hallmark (Column II):Column I:1. Persistent penile frenulum2. Premature spiral deviation3. Honeymoon back4. Spondylosis fractureColumn II:A. Sudden onset of paraplegia and "dog-sitting" position immediately following ejaculation.B. Ventral deviation of the protruded penis, commonly seen in young Angus and Beef Shorthorn bulls.C. Spiralling of the penis before intromission, preventing entry into the vulva.D. Pain and swelling in the lumbodorsal region preventing elevation of the forelimbs.Select the correct matching option:1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A Question 12: Where are the two most common anatomical sites for spontaneous rupture of the tunica albuginea (rupture of the CCP) to occur in the bull?Near the insertion of the retractor penis muscle, or on the dorsal aspect of the distal sigmoid flexureAt the root of the penis near the pelvis, or at the glans penisIn the proximal sigmoid flexure, or at the level of the bulbus glandisWithin the crura of the penis, or along the ventral longitudinal canal Question 13: At what age does spinal spondylosis with progressive exostoses typically present in bulls, and what dietary factor is associated with its development?Rarely under 7 years of age; high-calcium dietsBetween 15 and 21 months of age; low-calcium dietsBetween 3 and 5 years of age; high-phosphorus dietsAt puberty (10–12 months); vitamin D deficient diets Question 14: Why do young bulls reared in complete isolation frequently exhibit failure of penile protrusion due to persistent connective tissue bridging between the penis and prepuce?They lacked the opportunity for calfhood riding behavior, which normally stretches and breaks down this connective tissue.Isolation leads to a congenital deficiency in testosterone that prevents preputial separation.The retractor penis muscles atrophy from complete lack of sexual stimulation.They fail to develop normal ischiocavernosus muscle pumping activity. Question 15: Surgical correction of premature spiral deviation involves suturing which two structures together?The dorsal apical ligament of the penis to the tunica albugineaThe retractor penis muscle to the distal sigmoid flexureThe dorsal longitudinal canal to the corpus cavernosum penisThe preputial mucosa to the external integument of the glans Question 16: Pathological eversion and chronic fibrosis of the preputial mucosa is most commonly observed in which type of bulls?Naturally polled members of breeds with a pendulous prepuceHorned beef bulls under 2 years of ageAged dairy bulls housed on concrete floorsBulls reared in isolation with hypoplastic vesicular glands Question 17: Which of the following statements are true regarding the treatment of a ruptured corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) in the bull?I. Conservative treatment requires sexual rest for 90 days, daily massage of the area, and initial antibiotic therapy.II. Conservative treatment is highly successful, with up to 95% of all cases regaining full service ability regardless of haematoma size.III. Surgical evacuation of the haematoma should ideally be performed within 7 days of the injury to prevent extensive adhesions.IV. Radical surgery involving resection and suturing of the tunica albuginea carries a high risk of causing postoperative peripenile adhesions.I, III, and IV onlyI and II onlyII and pigments onlyI, II, III, and IV Question 18: Match the diagnostic method or finding (Column I) with the corresponding reproductive condition or limitation (Column II):Column I:1. Contrast radiography of the CCP showing leakage into the dorsal veins2. Stroking vesicular glands against the pubis and milking the ampullae3. Palpation of a short turgid segment of tissue only at the root of the penis4. Aspiration of semen from the vagina of a freshly served cowColumn II:A. Congenital or acquired blockage of the longitudinal canals of the penis.B. Ectopic veins draining the corpus cavernosum penis (abnormal venous drainage).C. Assessment is restricted to sperm motility and morphology; cannot determine sperm numbers.D. Rectal massage of the internal genitalia.Select the correct matching option:1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C1-A, 2-D, 3-B, 4-C1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-D1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A Question 19: Match the species-specific behavioral reproductive impairment (Column I) with its associated cause or management factor (Column II):Column I:1. Young boars2. Tom cats3. Racing colts4. Male dogsColumn II:A. Impaired libido due to violent discouragement of male behavior by grooms in early life.B. Reluctance to mate when in the sight or sound of an older, dominant male.C. Stress-induced impairment of libido associated with transport before mating.D. Conditioned to mating in only one specific environment; unwilling to mate if moved.Select the correct matching option:1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B1-D, 2-B, 3-C, 4-A Question 20: A sequel of a ruptured corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) is the development of acquired ectopic veins draining the CCP through the site of rupture. Why is surgical correction of these acquired ectopic veins more feasible than in cases of congenital abnormal venous drainage?Acquired cases usually possess only a single abnormal drainage vein, whereas congenital cases have numerous small veins along both lateral edges of the CCP.The acquired veins are located subcutaneously and do not involve the tunica albuginea.Congenital ectopic veins are highly thrombosed and cannot be ligated.Acquired veins spontaneously resolve with sexual rest, so surgery is rarely necessary but simple.
0 Comments